IOT & SMART CITY

  

IOT & SMART CITY

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects—"things"—embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range in complexity from common household items to sophisticated industrial instruments. Experts predict that by 2020, there will be more than 10 billion connected IoT devices, and by 2025, there will be 22 billion.

IoT has emerged as one of the most important technologies of the twenty-first century in recent years. Now that we can connect everyday objects to the internet via embedded devices, including as kitchen appliances, vehicles, thermostats, and baby monitors, seamless communication between people, processes, and things is conceivable.

Physical things can share and collect data with minimal human interaction thanks to low-cost computers, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies. Digital systems can record, monitor, and alter each interaction between connected things in today's hyperconnected environment. The physical and digital worlds collide, but they work together.

Because of the confluence of numerous technologies, such as ubiquitous computing, commodity sensors, increasingly powerful embedded systems, and machine learning, the field has progressed. The Internet of Things is enabled by traditional domains such as embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, and automation (including home and building automation). In the consumer market, IoT technology is most closely associated with products that support the concept of the "smart home," such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems, cameras, and other home appliances that can be controlled by devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers. The Internet of Things is also employed in healthcare. 

There are several concerns about the risks associated with the growth of IoT technologies and products, particularly in the areas of privacy and security, and as a result, industry and government efforts to address these concerns have begun, including the creation of international and local standards, guidelines, and regulatory frameworks.

 

While the concept of the Internet of Things has been around for a long time, recent developments in a variety of technologies have made it a reality.

-       Low-cost, low-power sensor technology is available. IoT technology is becoming increasingly accessible to more manufacturers thanks to the availability of low-cost, high-reliability sensors.

-       The ability to communicate. A slew of internet network protocols have made it simple to link sensors to the cloud and other "things" for fast data transfer.

-       Platforms for cloud computing. Cloud platforms are becoming more widely available, allowing organisations and consumers to gain access to the infrastructure they need to grow up without having to handle it all themselves.

 

While we may anticipate IoT to have an impact on every industry in some manner, the IoT will have the largest impact on various contexts among the three categories of consumers, governments, and ecosystems. These are some of them:

·       Manufacturing

·       Transportation

·       Defence

·       Agriculture

·       Infrastructure

·       Retail

·       Logistics

·       Banks

·       Oil, gas, and mining

·       Insurance

·       Connected Homes & Smart Buildings

·       Food Services

·       Utilities

·       Hospitality & Healthcare

·       Smart Cities

Applications of IOT

With the world growing fast, technological advancements are being made every day. More and more research and inventions are being done to apply IOT in every field. Below are a few examples of application of IOT.

1. Smart house: IoT devices are a subset of home automation, which includes lighting, heating and cooling, media and security systems, and surveillance cameras. Long-term advantages might include energy savings by automatically turning off lights and devices, as well as keeping inhabitants aware of their consumption.

One of the most important uses of a smart home is to assist the elderly and people with disabilities. These home systems make use of assistive technology to satisfy the needs of its owners.

2. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an application of the Internet of Things (IoT) for medical and health-related objectives, including data collecting and processing for research, as well as monitoring. [As the technology for constructing a digital healthcare system, integrating accessible medical resources and healthcare services, the IoMT has been referred to as "Smart Healthcare." [49] [50] Remote health monitoring and emergency alerting systems can both benefit from IoT devices. Blood pressure and heart rate monitors to complex devices capable of monitoring specialist implants such as pacemakers, Fitbit smart wristbands, or advanced hearing aids are examples of health monitoring gadgets. Some hospitals have begun to use "smart beds," which can detect when they are occupied and when a patient tries to get up. It may also adjust itself to ensure that the patient receives the proper pressure and support without the need for nurses to intervene. Furthermore, the usage of mobile devices to aid medical follow-up resulted in the formation of ‘m-health,' which makes use of studied health data.

3. Home automation and construction

In home automation and building automation systems, IoT devices may be used to monitor and control the mechanical, electrical, and electronic systems utilised in many types of buildings (e.g., public and private, industrial, institutional, or residential). 

4. Transportation

The Internet of Things (IoT) can help with the integration of communications, control, and data processing across a variety of transportation systems. The Internet of Things is being used in many sectors of transportation systems (i.e. the vehicle, the infrastructure, and the driver or user). Inter- and intra-vehicular communication, smart traffic control, smart parking, electronic toll collection systems, logistics and fleet management, vehicle control, safety, and road assistance are all enabled by the dynamic interplay between various components of a transportation system.

5. Agriculture:- Data collection on temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, insect infestation, and soil content are just a few of the IoT uses in farming. This information may be utilised to automate agricultural processes, make educated decisions to increase quality and quantity, decrease risk and waste, and simplify crop management. Farmers, for example, may now monitor soil temperature and moisture from afar, and even use data from the Internet of Things to improve precise fertilisation regimens.  The overarching objective is for sensor data to be combined with a farmer's knowledge and intuition about his or her land to assist enhance agricultural output while also lowering expenses.

6. IoT devices are used to monitor boat and yacht surroundings and systems. Because many pleasure boats are left unattended for days in the summer and months in the winter, such devices give crucial early warnings of flooding, fire, and battery deep drain. 

7. Many energy-consuming items (such as lighting, household appliances, motors, pumps, and so on) now have Internet connectivity, allowing them to interact with utilities not just to balance power generation but also to assist optimise overall energy use. Users may control these devices remotely or manage them centrally via a cloud-based interface, and they can do tasks like scheduling (e.g., remotely powering on or off heating systems, controlling ovens, changing lighting conditions etc.).

8. The smart grid is a utility-side Internet of Things application in which systems collect and act on energy and power-related data in order to increase the efficiency of electricity generation and distribution. 

9. Observation of the environment Sensors are commonly used in IoT environmental monitoring applications to aid with environmental protection by monitoring air or water quality, atmospheric or soil conditions, and even tracking the movements of species and their habitats. Other applications such as earthquake or tsunami early-warning systems can also be utilised by emergency services to deliver more effective relief as a result of the development of resource-constrained devices connected to the Internet.

10. The deployment of IoT technology in the military arena for the purposes of reconnaissance, surveillance, and other combat-related objectives is known as the Internet of Military Things (IoMT). Sensors, ammunition, vehicles, robots, human-wearable biometrics, and other smart technology that is significant on the battlefield are heavily influenced by the future prospects of warfare in an urban environment.

    

                                                   Smart City & IOT

• A smart city is a technologically advanced urban region that collects data through various electronic technologies, voice activation methods, and sensors. The information gleaned from the data is utilised to efficiently manage assets, resources, and services; in turn, the data is used to improve operations throughout the city.

· In today’s time, implementing smart cities that leverage IoT and connected technology help promote economic development, improve infrastructure and environment, enhance transportation systems, and optimize costs of managing public assets.

· Connected technologies and IoT solutions for smart cities play important roles in transforming cities. Implementing a smart city with IoT and connected technology helps enhance the quality, performance, interactivity of urban services and optimize resources that reduce costs.

Features of a smart city are as follows:

1. Smart infrastructure: The global market for smart urban infrastructure in smart cities includes advanced connected streets, smart parking, smart lighting, and other transportation innovations. 
2. Smart lights:  with these, city authorities can keep real-time tracking of lighting to ensure optimized illumination and deliver demand-based lighting in different zones. Smart lighting also helps in daylight harvesting and save energy by dimming out sectors with no occupancies. 

 

3. Smart Streets: Connected and smart streets may collect data and transmit information and services to and from millions of devices, including traffic, roadblocks, and roadworks, among other things. This aids in the effective management of resources and people in order to improve public transportation and the urban environment.

 

4. Smart parking management system: can be used to locate available parking spaces in a variety of public locations. In-Ground Vehicle Detection Sensors in smart parking are core technologies that play a crucial role in the smart parking solution that is redefining how drivers in malls and city centres find accessible parking spaces. Wireless sensors are implanted in parking spots, transmitting data on the timing and length of space usage to a central parking management application via local signal processors. Congestion is reduced, car emissions are reduced, enforcement costs are reduced, and driver stress is reduced with smart parking. Each device must have a stable connection to the cloud servers in order for smart parking technologies to be deployed effectively.

 

5. Implementing charging stations in parking systems, city fleets, shopping malls and buildings, airports, and bus terminals across the city is also part of smart infrastructure. Electronic vehicle (EV) charging solutions can be connected with IoT to streamline EV charging operations while also addressing the power grid's impact.

 

6. Smart Utility Metres: The smart metre is a popular IoT device among utility companies. These gadgets link to smart energy infrastructure and attach to buildings, allowing utility providers to better manage energy flow. Users can also track their energy consumption using smart metres, which has a big cost impact. According to Insider Intelligence, smart metre adoption and implementation will save energy firms $157 billion by 2035.

 

7. Smart transportation: Connected vehicles have risen to the forefront of public transportation, and their efforts are already bearing dividends.

Smart city gadgets can help alleviate traffic congestion and avoid car-related accidents and deaths in the transportation sector. Insider Information

Drivers are attracted to smart transit because of voice search and location data capabilities, and as smart apps expand and grow, so will the use of smart transport.

 

8.    Smart grids: Arguably the greatest implementation of smart architecture and infrastructure is smart grids, which help tremendously with resource conservation. These batteries help lower stress on the grid at peak hours by allowing residents to store energy during off-peak hours. The solar panels also let residents sell spare energy from the panels back to the grid. 

9. Smart Waste Management is both expensive and inefficient, and it can result in traffic congestion. Smart waste management solutions can help ease some of these issues by tracking how full trash cans are at any one time and sending that information to waste management businesses, which can then provide the optimal waste collection routes.
10. Smart air quality monitors: There are constantly air particles, dust, dirt, cleaning chemicals, floating around in the air of one's office building or home. Smart air quality monitors can detect these particles and inform users of pollutants. Monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ)  can better alert people of unsafe pollutant levels via an indicator light or push notifications to one's smartphone or tablet.
11. Smart shopping centres.
12.  Smart healthcare systems within the smart city, all well connected to make them efficient.

              Conclusion

-       Insider Intelligence forecasts that there will be more than 64 billion IoT devices installed around the world by 2026. Additionally, companies and consumers will spend nearly $15 trillion on IoT devices, solutions, and supporting systems from 2018 through 2026.

-       Connected to the internet and equipped with sensors, these devices power much of the developing data-based economy and bridge the divide between the physical and digital worlds.